What is the living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area?

The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area is referred to as the eponychium, which is also sometimes called the mantle. This layer of skin serves an important protective function. It acts as a barrier to prevent bacteria and other pathogens from entering the nail bed and matrix, ensuring the health and integrity of the growing nail.

The eponychium is distinct from the cuticle, which is actually the dead tissue that overlaps the nail plate and can sometimes be pushed back during nail care procedures. The hyponychium is located beneath the nail plate and helps to secure it to the fingertip, while the nail fold refers to the skin that surrounds the nail on its sides. Understanding these terms and their functions is crucial for maintaining proper nail health and for performing nail care tasks effectively.